Monday, April 22, 2024

A BEAUTIFUL KASHMIRI SONG OF REHMAN RAHI..SHAFAK SHAFAK SHAM

                                           


Phol Shafak Shafak Shaam....A Kashmiri Song..

As explained by Bharata Muni in Natya-Shastra, Rasa is a concept in Indian arts denoting the aesthetic flavour of any visual, literary or musical work that evokes an emotion or feeling in the reader or the listener which cannot be described. In his erudite  commentary on Natya-Shatra, Acharya Abhinavgupta  says that Rasa is the core of good poetry, good music and good singing. The artist must deliver Rasa to  the listener.It gives  Anand Anubhuti( feeling of bliss )  to the listener.

 I feel something like that in this memorable composition of Bhajan  Sopori sung by Vijay Malla and  Kailash Mehra Sadhu  . Certainly this  poem  of Gyanpeeth awardee poet Rehman Rahi is  perfect  on   all parameters of Poetics apart from having its inherent music . 

The freshness of this musical  composition gives a feeling of Rasa( bliss  )  ,Dhwani( sound effects ) ,Alankara( ornamentation )  ,Riti( style)  and Auchitya ( proper placing ) as mentioned by Acharya Abhinavgupta  in his commentary on Bharata"s Natya-Shastra.

I will render some  lines of this song into English for those who don't understand Kashmiri .

"Phol ,shafak shafak shaam
Kalwaal pillav jaam 
Beyi aav me ilhaam
Kath Kath chhu banaan shaar
Anhaar kasund-taam 
tsetas pyom, tsetas pyom ..

Rug Rug  chhu vazaan saaz
Yendraaza hechh andaaz
Hoolya chha natchaan raaar 
Lankaayi hyotun naar
Guftaar kasund taam 
tsetas pyom tsetas pyom


Tsol roos kachein kroin
Hyochh baala kolluv shroin
Aafaq matan vaen
Devta ti gindhan zaar
raftaar kasund taam tsetas pyom tsetas pyom.." 


(Once more the evening  brightens
with red horizon ,
O saqi bring the wine glass,
I get an intuition,
How   good verses are born .
Some beautiful face  comes to mind,
,again and again.


Every nerve resonates in this music,
 Lord Indra ! Learn this style as well.
Has the  demoness Holika been put to bonfire? 
Or Ravana's  Lanka is  in flames?
In this scenario,
Someone's sweet communication 
Comes to my mind again and again 
 

Gone  is the gloom of the forest  gazelles,
The brooks and the mountains too 
picked up music,
Now many horizons will enter into clash
And gods up above 
shall also play  the dice game ,
In this scenario , someone's agility
comes to my mind again and again )

( Avtar Mota)


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JAMMU CULINARY VARIETIES..

                                                 

JAMMU  CULINARY  VARIETIES..

I have tasted below listed drinks,  Chutneys, pickles ,foods and other specialities of Jammu. You can add more...

(1) Kali Gajjar ( carrot )kanji
(2) Desi Chai ( with sugar and salt) 
(3) Zimmikand da Achaar (Pickle)
(4) Lassuade da Achaar ( Pickle) 
(5)Amlein  da Achaar ( gooseberry pickle) 
(6 ) Garghal da Achaar ( sweet lime Pickle)
(7) Muli di Chutney ( Radish chutney in tamarind)
(8) Auria ( curd , Mustard oil , pumpkin , Fenugreek seeds and mustard powder)
(9)Anaardaane  di chutney ( dry pomegranate)
(10)  Ambien da sasha ( Raw mangoes, pudina ,curd and onion) 
(11) Thothru  ( Refined wheet ,yeast, ghee, curd and mustard oil) 
(12) Suchian ( Loochi of kashmiri pandits )
(13) Maayein da Maadra ( Maash daal speciality with curd, dhania, dalcheeni , ginger and dry fruits)
(14) Guchhi Pulaav 
(15) Kalaadi 
(16) Kaddhu da Ambhal
(17) Sweet Rice ( Meetha Pat) 
 (18)Chocolate Barfi
(19) Pateesa
(21) Khatta Meat 
(22)  Murge da Achaar
(23) Rajmaah ( Bhaderwahi, Marwah or Poonchhi )
(24) Kachaalu
(25)  Katlame 
(26) Kharode 
(27) Malaai Baraf( icecream sold on leaves in summers by vendors) 
(28)  Pugha ( dry coconut, khoya, jaggery , sesame seeds, almonds and bajarbangh)
(29) Kasrod di sabzi 
(30) keyur ( maida ,ghee, salt  and zeera powder etc.)
(31) Timeu di Chattni 
(32) Sund Panjeeri ( dryfruits roasted in Desi ghee with sugar ,suji  and dry ginger)
(33) Makki da doda (corn flour roti )

My friend DK Dogra informs this:-


"Please add Kimb chaat, a favorite of ladies in winters. Kimb is a citrus fruit Citron/Citrus Medica. There is Madra which is a dessert made by boiling dry fruits in milk. The special sundh of Jammu is also a speciality a bit different from Panjeeri. Gulra and Sasrot are two special marriage recipes typical of Jammu." 



(Avtar Mota)
2




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Wednesday, April 17, 2024

BOOK REVIEW " MANIK & I" : SATYAJIT RAY

                                          

                 ( Ray and  Akira Kurosawa ) 
                      ( Ray and Marlon Brando )
     ,                ( Ray and Ravi Shankar )
 
  ( Ray with Ashok Kumar and Kishore Kumar )
                          ( Ray with Nehru )


BOOK REVIEW ......"MANIK  &  I"

"MANIK &  I" 
( My Life with Satyajit Ray)
Bijoya Ray …Translated by Indrani Majumdar 
Penguin Books
ISBN  13 9780 1434 16258
Pages  624
Price..Rs 699

This book is an  exquisite  and interesting  story on the  inner  life of a master by his  actress cum singer wife Bijoya Dass  Ray.  .A story that everyone wants to know. What was he like to live with?Was he a family man as well?Who were his friends?  What  could be the unknown or the  inner side of this towering genius?

And the book surely is the story   of a filmmaker known  the world over . The story of a  master who won the topmost awards everywhere, from the Bharat Ratna to the Oscar to the prestigious Legion of Honour in addition to top awards at the major film festivals of the world.Despite being closely related, Satyajit-‘Manik’ to his friends and family-and Bijoya fell in love and embarked on a life together years before Ray’s groundbreaking film Pather Panchali was made, and their long, happy married life lasted right until Ray’s death in 1992.

Bijoya Ray was born as Bijoya Das in Patna to Charu Chandra Das, a barrister and Madhuri Devi, younger sister of nationalist leader  Deshbandhu CR Das 's wife Basanti Devi. She was the youngest of four daughters

Bijoya , who pawned her expensive jewellery   to finance Ray's  Pather Pancheli ,  was always the first person to read his scripts and make suggestions . Her comments were ruthless but pertinent  and quite often duly incorporated by the master.The book talks about  Satyajit Ray the man, the husband, the father and, for one short year before his death, the grandfather.She worked in a few films without success or satisfaction. In 1949 she married Satyajit Ray. Their only son Sandip was born in 1953.Despite both of them being in the same profession, Satyajit Ray and Bijoya Ray hardly made public appearances together in front of the media, as they were a classic couple, who preferred to be in each other's company away from the flashes of shutterbugs.
Clearly Bijoya was the intellectual companion that Ray needed, one who shared his love for Western classical music and Hollywood films. Once he started making films she joined him and helped with all the little details which needed a woman’s attention. She not only ran his home but went with him to shop for costumes and accessories. She was a colleague who was always in the background.

Even before becoming a writer, Ray would make Bijoya read all his scripts. He would give her a pencil to make changes if there were any and she would give suggestions. He would either take them or discuss them at great length. In fact, 90% of her suggestions were taken by her husband.

Manik ( Manik Da ) as he was known in intimate and family circles,  comes up as a total family man. Reading ,  drawing sketches ,writing  and listening music . No liking for liquor . And never did he serve liquor to any guest or friend in his house . He loved  good food and Bengali  sweets especially Sandesh .Bijoya also informs us that  her Manik also loved  gambling at Kathmandu’s casinos .

Only two women appear to have influenced Ray  – his mother and his wife. His mother, a remarkable woman who was widowed early in life, played a key role in Ray’s growth. Bijoya, his wife, took over the role so far as Ray’s artistic development was concerned.

Bijoya was his childhood friend .She had a musical bent of mind and   a flair for acting  . She also happened to be his   cousin and accordingly  their  families were initially  reluctant to accept this  marriage proposal. Faced with family frowns, Manik wrote to Bijoya: “You know, I’ll marry no one but you. If that means never getting married, so be it.” 
 Ray  had to go to Mumbai and get  clandestinely  married  .Prithvi Raj Kapoor joined  by  his wife came  to bless the couple. After their secret wedding and intimate reception, Satyajit Ray and Bijoya Ray were married in the eyes of the law. Still, they weren't living together because their family and relatives were unaware of their marriage.
About Manik, Bijoya informs this :-

“What I admire about Manik  is his  simplicity, his honesty, his generosity, his kindness, and above all, his ability to mix with people from all walks of life. He could be at home with everybody.  He did not like being called an intellectual. He was comfortable once you called him  a creative man. He was deeply knowledgeable about Western Classical  Music which he loved, particularly Mozart, and once even thought of making a film on him. Manik  spent long hours listening to opera and classical music on records. “

We also come to know that Ray  could whistle any tune after hearing it once. The master liked to wear embroidered Kurtas and had a special liking for Kashmiri shawls  more particularly Jaamwaar variety.  He hated big parties   and was  scared to change light bulbs or turn on the air-conditioner.He never did any shopping other than buying books and music discs..

Even in his leading ladies, Ray never looked for dolled-up glamour, but for intelligent beauty. Madhabi  Mukherjee, Sharmila Tagore, and in his last three films, Mamata Shankar, best fitted this description.

Bijoya’s accounts of Ray’s long struggles with his health and the situations surrounding his triple by-pass heart surgery in the US are particularly moving .

Bijoya is silent about Ray’s infatuation and finally an  intense affair with  actress Madhabi Mukherjee. Bijoya's  silence about this episode  in the book  is intriguing as once ,she herself had gone to press to speak about it. Confronted by wife,Ray had admitted this affair and finally decided to forget all. .  Revealing would have made  the master more human, and the story is, after all, known.Inspite of this omission , the book makes a great reading .The  English translation from original  Bangla appears to be racy at times but  leaves you spellbound in its overall impact in presenting the story of two sensitive souls .I strongly recommend the book  to every one who wants to know about the great master’s art and personal life.

The book is a treasure trove for ardent Ray fans . They  are sure to  get inside stories, trivias and confirmation of their doubts they  have about Ray and his life. Like why did Rabindranath get Satyajit to attend art classes at Shantiniketan, and many other  untold yet very interesting anecdotes.I end this brief review  with a quote  from Satyajit Ray:-

“ The only solutions  that are ever worth anything are the solutions that people find themselves   ”

( Avtar Mota )


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Monday, April 15, 2024

SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR …II

                                           




                                                                                


                                                     ( A portrait of Anandavardhana )


SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR  …II

( A portrait of Acharya Anandavardhana of Kashmir who gave the Theory of Dhvani in Poetics to the world through his book Dhvanyāloka. He was a court poet of King Avantivarman. Dhvanyāloka has been translated into major languages of the world and lately  into French as well)
 

The credit of presenting a full-fledged picture of the Science of Poetics can be attributed, in a large measure, to Kashmir. Though the fundamentals in Poetics could be traced to works like the Agnipurana and Natya-shastra of Bharata, it is remarkable to note that all aspects of this science are elaborated and discussed in detail by Kashmirian Scholars . Original theories have been suggested and speculations worked out in such a manner that one is tempted to say that the Science of Poetics' in its entirety, is visible only in Kashmir.Even grammatical points which would require attention while discussing the relation between Shabda(word)  and Artha( meaning )  were not lost sight of, though they had no direct connection with the subject. One cannot but be overwhelmed by the fact that almost all the major schools of Indian aesthetics were founded by Kashmiri theoriticians -the Alamkara( adornments or ornamentation ) School by Bhamaha, Riti( style)  School by Vamana, Vaikrokti(deformity ) School by Kuntaka, Dhvani ( sound) School by Anandavardhana and Auchitya( proper placing )  School by Kshemendra.
While  searching  records and manuscripts for my new book ,  I came to know about  Poet Rajanaka  Jaynayaka Bhatta , the writer of Prithvirajvijay. He was  a Kashmiri   who  came to Ajmer by obtaining the asylum in the court of Prithviraj Chauhan .Rajanka  Jaynayaka wrote a historical poem titled Prithvirajvijay, where the victory of Prithviraj Chauhan over Muhammad Ghori in the first Battle of Tarain (1191) was celebrated. Jayanayaka portrays Prithviraj Chauhan  as Sri Rama and his wife as Sita. 

( Avtar Mota )


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Saturday, April 13, 2024

SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR..I

                                           


















( Abhinavgupta and his followers ..
A painting by Claudia Dose) 

SANSKRIT  AND KASHMIR 

Apart from Abinavgupta , Khemraja, Kumarjeeva, Dandin( not to be confused with scholar of same name from South India) ,Panini, Charaka, Damodargupta,Somadeva Vasugupta ,Kalhana, Bilhana, Rilhana,Ruyyaka, Manakhaka, Shivswamin, Lollata, Jonaraja, Srivara,  Kshemendra , Vamana, Bhahma ,Rajashekhra,Prakasendra, Shamboonatha, Jayanta Bhatta,  Anandvardhana, and many more known names, I have counted 700 plus Sanskrit Scholars from Kashmir till Lohara period who have enriched the literature of Sanskrit the world over. They were poets ,translators,scholars of Buddhism, rhetoricians,,aestheticians, Shaiv-Darshana scholars,philosophers, astrologers ,  commentators , grammarians and logicians . Even if many original works have been lost, there are too many   references to the lost works in many available Sanskrit manuscripts some of which have been digitalised by American and European Universities. I saw this upon my visit to Princeton and some more Universities in the US. I am told about this digitalisation in some Australian universities as well.

Sanskrit poetry was a pan-Indian phenomenon. Kashmir occupies a pivotal position in this pan-Indian phenomenon. The Kashmirian poets have left practically no facet of life, outside the ambit of their writing.

 I am of a firm opinion that if the contribution of  Kashmiris to the Sanskrit literature of India is removed,we shall be removing more than 50% of the Sanskrit  literature from the world. Most of the Hindu Kings from  Karkota, Utpala and Lohara dynasties were either lovers of fine arts or poets. Avantivarman , a poet himself ,  had about 70 Sanskrit scholars in his court some of whom were poets.

( Avtar Mota )

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Sunday, April 7, 2024

TULIP GARDEN OF SRINAGAR OPENS FOR PUBLIC

                                              

 TULIP GARDEN  OF SRINAGAR  OPENS FOR PUBLIC

Yesterday, a friend told me that he was inside the Tulip Garden of Kashmir that opened for public on 23rd March ,2024.It looked elegant especially with a pleasant breeze arising  from the  Dal Lake that wafted through the garden .I felt pensive. 

"Ha wava imhai dimhai graava havaal tai
Dariyaav chaane chamhai aab e zulaal tai

 ( Samad Mir..Sufi poet from Kashmir )

(O breeze,  how I  wish to 
see you and put forth my grievances  , 
one and all.
In your river like magnanimity ,
I too would sip
 some sweet water, 
some nectar.)

( Avtar Mota )


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Sunday, March 31, 2024

RADHIKA BY ABDUR REHMAN CHUGTAI

                                   


RADHIKA .......By Abdur Rehman Chugtai..

.A friend has sent this wonderful painting of Abdur Rehman Chugtai titled " Radhika"  to me  just now. He has asked me to write something for this work. I just wrote two lines for this  work of Chugtai . This painting bears  ample influence of Bengal School. My lines are :-

"Deep jalein na nainan ke
dehri hai andhkaar, 
Murlidhar kab aavange
 jyotirmai hon dwaar....."

(The lamps within my eyes no more give light,
Darkness has enveloped the doorways.
When shall Murlidhar ( Sri Krishna ) come this way
And make every entrance floodlit?)




( Avtar Mota )

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CHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
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